Dementia develops gradually, and the earliest changes can be subtle. Acting early helps people access support, plan ahead, and live well at home for longer.
Common early signs. Look for new memory problems (especially with recent events), repeating questions, difficulty planning or following steps, losing the thread in conversations, word-finding problems, confusion in unfamiliar places, trouble with numbers or handling money, and becoming more withdrawn or anxious. Not every lapse is dementia, but a pattern of changes warrants a GP review.
Different dementias, different patterns. For example, early vascular dementia may show slowed thinking, planning difficulties and concentration problems; Alzheimer’s often starts with memory and word-finding changes. A memory clinic can assess and differentiate causes.
What to do if you’re concerned.
- Keep a diary of concrete examples (missed bills, getting lost on familiar routes, different behaviour).
- Book a GP appointment and go along if invited; bring the diary and medicines list.
- Expect assessment and support, not just a label. NICE guidance recommends comprehensive assessment, carer involvement, and support planning—this isn’t a one-off visit.
Making home life safer and simpler. Small changes add up: establish regular routines; use calendars, whiteboards and pill organisers; keep lighting bright and consistent; reduce trip hazards; label cupboards; place frequently used items in visible spots; and consider assistive tech like call reminders or door sensors where appropriate. If driving is in question, seek professional advice early.
Communication that helps. Give time, reduce background noise, ask one question at a time, offer choices rather than open-ended questions, and validate feelings even when facts are fuzzy. Keep enjoyable activities going—gardening, music, gentle exercise—which support mood, sleep and confidence.
Get support for the carer too. Caring can be rewarding and demanding. UK charities offer helplines, online forums, and practical advice; ask about carer assessments and short breaks. Useful contacts (England): Alzheimer’s Society Dementia Connect (0333 150 3456), Dementia UK Admiral Nurse Helpline (0800 888 6678), Carers UK (0800 808 7777), and Age UK (0800 678 1602).
Review regularly. Dementia is a journey; care plans should change with it. If needs increase, ask about additional home support, night sits, or, where appropriate, live-in care. Early planning preserves choice and reduces crises.